Modern electronic document management offers a wealth of opportunities. However, sometimes a digital signature is indispensable: it provides legal force to electronic documents and allows you to sign contracts, applications, and even interact with government agencies without physically visiting offices.
In this article, we’ll explore how to get a digital signature for free, all while complying with legal requirements and safety rules.
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What Is an Electronic Digital Signature (EDS)
Definition and Basic Concepts
An electronic digital signature is a special attribute of an electronic document that confirms its authenticity and secures authorship. The process is based on cryptographic protection, and the resulting signature is stored in the file or a specialized repository.
If you’re wondering how to create an electronic signature, it’s important to understand that it comes in different types, each carrying varying degrees of legal weight.
Types of Electronic Signatures: Simple, Unqualified, and Qualified
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Simple: Used for internal or less critical operations, does not require substantial verification.
A simple electronic signature is a familiar method of identity confirmation in services and applications—like SMS codes, scratch cards, or login–password pairs. It is generated by the application or website that uses it and indicates that a specific user performed the action.
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Unqualified: Issued by a certification authority, but does not provide the highest level of legal guarantees.
An enhanced unqualified electronic signature (NÉP) is formed using cryptographic programs that rely on a pair of private and public keys. The private key (stored by the owner on a protected carrier or PC) is used to create the signatures, while the public key is shared with document recipients so they can verify the signature’s authenticity. NÉP certificates are issued by certification authorities, though according to the law, one may forgo creating a certificate if so stipulated by an agreement.
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Qualified: The most reliable and legally significant. It’s issued by a specialized certification authority included in the register of government agencies.
An enhanced qualified electronic signature (QES) is more heavily regulated by the government and is formed similarly to NÉP, but it always comes with a qualified certificate approved by an order from the FSB of Russia or other state bodies in different countries. The software for QES is certified by the state security agency, and only accredited certification authorities can issue relevant certificates. QES is required for filing reports, participating in electronic auctions, interfacing with government systems, and exchanging official documents.
Why Do You Need an Electronic Signature?
Many people ask, “Why do I need an electronic signature” when first encountering digital document management. In fact, the range of uses is very broad.
Legal Validity of Electronic Documents
- Using an EDS (electronic digital signature) allows you to validate contracts and agreements that otherwise would lack legal force.
- A signed document is recognized as valid in court if its electronic signature certificate is in order.
Where EDS Is Used
Government Services and Interaction with State Authorities
- Filing applications through the Gosuslugi portal.
- Submitting tax returns via official governmental websites.
- Obtaining statements and certificates without a physical visit.
Business Processes and Electronic Document Management
- Sending reports to the Federal Tax Service, the Pension Fund, and other agencies.
- Sealing deals with partners, exchanging invoices and bills.
- Speeding up the approval of internal orders.
Personal Purposes: Signing Contracts, Applications, etc.
- You can issue powers of attorney, request service provisions, and sign internal documents.
How to Obtain an Electronic Signature for Free
Many assume an EDS is a paid service, but there are actually several ways to get a digital signature for free. For instance, some citizens have the right to obtain an EDS online through state programs.
Getting an EDS via the Federal Tax Service of Russia
In Russia, one method how to get an EDS at no extra cost is to contact the Federal Tax Service (FNS).
Who Is Eligible for a Free EDS?
- Company directors operating in the Russian Federation.
- Individual entrepreneurs obligated to submit electronic reporting.
- Private individuals who use FNS services for filing declarations under certain circumstances.
If you’re wondering how to create an electronic signature for free, check the FNS website to see whether you qualify.
Step-by-Step Instructions for Getting an EDS from the FNS
- Prepare your passport, SNILS, and TIN (or other documents requested by the department).
- Make an appointment at the tax inspectorate, and bring a flash drive or a secure device.
- On the appointed day, complete the paperwork and receive your electronic signature certificate.
- Test the EDS key in the special program provided by the tax authority.
Getting an EDS through the Gosuslugi Portal
If you want an even simpler process, you can use the Gosuslugi website.
Using the “GosKlyuch” Mobile App
- Install the app on your phone, and log in using your Gosuslugi account.
- Complete a quick identity check.
- Get either a qualified or unqualified signature—depending on your needs.
Requirements and Necessary Documents
- Your Gosuslugi account must have “confirmed” status.
- You need an ID (passport) and SNILS; additional services may be used for simplified identification.
- If you already have a confirmed profile, you can often get a key immediately without leaving home.
How to Use an Electronic Signature
Once you’ve completed obtaining an EDS, the next question arises: how do you actually apply it?
Signing Electronic Documents
- Open the document (PDF, DOCX, or another format) in a specialized document management program.
- Select “Sign with EDS,” then specify your key.
- The resulting file acquires legal force.
Verifying the Authenticity of the EDS
- To ensure the signature genuinely belongs to you or your counterpart, you can use specialized software or a certification authority.
- If the certificate data doesn’t match, the signature is considered invalid.
Storing and Securing EDS Keys
- It’s recommended to store the key on a secure device (a USB token or smart card).
- Never share your password or the physical medium with third parties; doing so puts you at risk of forgery.
For many people, the main goal is to create an electronic signature without overpaying private certification authorities. The methods described—through the FNS or Gosuslugi—help you obtain an EDS online and use it for governmental and commercial services.
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If you’re unsure why you need an electronic signature, remember that it lets you sign legally binding documents without leaving home. So if you want a digital signature, consider these official methods—and you’ll save time and money by getting a certificate without extra hassle.
